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《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1356-4
•Bacterial concentrations from eight stages were 104–105copies/m3.
关键词: Size distribution Airborne bacteria Biological diversity Human pathogenic bacteria Composting plants
CROP DIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: MECHANISMS, DESIGNS AND APPLICATIONS
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第3期 页码 359-361 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021417
Intensive monoculture agriculture has contributed greatly to global food supply over many decades, but the excessive use of agricultural chemicals (fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides) and intensive cultivation systems has resulted in negative side effects, such as soil erosion, soil degradation, and non-point source pollution[1]. To many observers, agriculture looms as a major global threat to nature conservation and biodiversity. As noted in the Global Biodiversity Outlook 4[2], the drivers associated with food systems and agriculture account for around 70% and 50% of the projected losses by 2050 of terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity, respectively[3].
In addition, agricultural development and modernization of agriculture has led to a decline in the total number of plant species upon which humans depend for food[4]. Currently, fewer than 200 of some 6000 plant species grown for food contribute substantially to global food output, and only nine species account for 67% of total crop production[3]. The global crop diversity has declined in past decades.
Crop species diversity at a national scale was identified as one of the most important factors that stabilize grain production at a national level[5]. A group of long-term field experiments demonstrated that crop diversity also stabilizes temporal grain productivity at field level[6]. Therefore, maintaining crop diversity at both national and field levels is of considerable importance for food security at national and global scales.
Crop diversity includes temporal (crop rotation) and spatial diversity (e.g., intercropping, agroforestry, cultivar mixtures and cover crops) at field scale. Compared to intensive monocultures, diversified cropping systems provide additional options to support multiple ecosystem functions. For instance, crop diversity may increase above- and belowground biodiversity, improve yield stability, reduce pest and disease damage, reduce uses of chemicals, increase the efficiency of the use land, light water and nutrient resources, and enhance stress resilience in agricultural systems.
To highlight advances in research and use of crop diversity, from developing and developed countries, we have prepared this special issue on “Crop Diversity and Sustainable Agriculture” for Frontiers of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, mainly focusing on intercropping.
Intercropping, growing at least two crops at the same time as a mixture, for example, in alternate rows or strips, is one effective pathway for increasing crop diversity at the field scale. Over recent decades, there have been substantial advances in terms of understanding of processes between intercropped species and applications in practice. There are 10 articles in this special issue including letters, opinions, review and research articles with contributions from Belgium, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerlands, UK, and Mexico etc.
The contributors are internationally-active scientists and agronomists contributing to intercropping research and extension. For example, Antoine Messean is coordinator of the EU H2020 Research project DiverIMPACTS “Diversification through rotation, intercropping, multiple cropping, promoted with actors and value chains towards sustainability”. Eric Justes is coordinator of the EU H2020 Research project ReMIX “Redesigning European cropping systems based on species mixtures”. Maria Finckh has worked on crop cultivar mixture and organic agriculture over many years. Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen has outstanding expertise in intercropping research and applications, moving from detailed studies on species interactions in intercropping to working with farmers and other stakeholders to make intercropping work in practical farming. In addition to these established scientists, young scientists who have taken an interest in intercropping also contribute to the special issue, including Wen-Feng Cong, Yixiang Liu, Qi Wang, Hao Yang and others.
The first contribution to this special issue addresses how to design cropping systems to reach crop diversification, with Wen-Feng Cong and coworkers ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021392) considering that it is necessary to optimize existing and/or design novel cropping systems based on farming practices and ecological principles, and to strengthen targeted ecosystem services to achieve identified objectives. In addition, the design should consider regional characteristics with the concurrent objectives of safe, nutritious food production and environmental protection.
The benefits of crop diversification have been demonstrated in many studies. Wen-Feng Cong and coworkers describe the benefits of crop diversification at three scales: field, farm, and landscape. Hao Yang and coauthors reviewed the multiple functions of intercropping. Intercropping enhances crop productivity and its stability, it promotes efficient use of resources and saves mineral fertilizer, controls pests and diseases of crops and reduces the use of pesticides. It mitigates climate change by sequestering carbon in soil, reduces non-point source pollution, and increases above- and belowground biodiversity of other taxa at field scale ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021398).
Eric Justes and coworkers proposed the “4C” framework to help understand the role of species interactions in intercropping ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021414). The four components are competition, complementary, cooperation (facilitation) and compensation, which work often simultaneously in intercropping. Hao Yang and coworkers used the concept of diversity effect from ecology to understand the contribution of complementarity and selection effects to enhanced productivity in intercropping. The complementarity effect consists of interspecific facilitation and niche differentiation between crop species, whereas the selection effect is mainly derived from competitive processes between species such that one species dominates the other ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021398). Also, Luis Garcia-Barrios and Yanus A. Dechnik-Vazquez dissected the ecological concept of the complementarity and selection effects to develop a relative multicrop resistance index to analyze the relation between higher multicrop yield and land use efficiency and the different ecological causes of overyielding under two contrasting water stress regimes ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021412).
Odette Denise Weedon and Maria Renate Finckh found that composite cross populations, with different disease susceptibilities of three winter wheat cultivars, were moderately resistant to brown rust and even to the newly emerged stripe rust races prevalent in Europe since 2011, but performance varied between standard and organic management contexts ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021394).
Comparing the performance of intercrops and sole crops is critical to make a sound evaluation of the benefits of intercropping and assess interactions between species choice, intercrop design, intercrop management and factors related to the production situation and pedoclimatic context. Wopke van der Werf and coworkers review some of the metrics that could be used in the quantitative synthesis of literature data on intercropping ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021413).
Interspecific interactions provide some of the advantages of intercropping, and can be divided into above- and belowground interactions. Aboveground interactions can include light and space competition, which is influenced by crop species traits. Root exudates are also important in interspecific interactions between intercropped or rotated species. Qi Wang and coworkers estimated the light interception of growth stage of maize-peanut intercropping and corresponding monocultures, and found that intercropping has higher light interception than monoculture, and increasing plant density did not further increase light interception of intercropping ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021403). Yuxin Yang and coworkers reported that the root exudates of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) can reduce infection of tobacco by Phytophthora nicotianae via inhibiting the motility and germination of the spores of the pathogen ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021399).
Focusing on the application of intercropping, Wen-Feng Cong and coworkers formulated species recommendations for different regions of China for different crop diversity patterns and crop species combinations. These authors also suggested three steps for implementing crop diversification on the North China Plain. Although there are multiple benefits of crop diversification, its extension and application are hindered by various technical, organizational, and institutional barriers along value chains, especially in Europe. Based on the findings of the European Crop Diversification Cluster projects, Antoine Messéan and coworkers suggested that there needs to be more coordination and cooperation between agrifood system stakeholders, and establish multiactor networks, toward an agroecological transition of European agriculture ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021406). In addition, Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen and coworkers report the outcomes of a workshop for participatory research to overcome the barriers to enhanced coordination and networking between stakeholders ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021416).
Intercropping, though highly effective in labor-intensive agriculture, may be difficult to implement in machine-intensive, large-scale modern agriculture because appropriate large equipment is not commercially available for planting and harvesting various crop mixtures grown with strip intercropping[6]. Thus, the appropriate machinery will need to be developed for further practical application in large-scale agriculture.
As the guest editors, we thank all the authors and reviewers for their great contributions to this special issue on “Crop Diversity and Sustainable Agriculture”. We also thank the FASE editorial team for their kind supports.
Fungal diversity and its mechanism of community shaping in the milieu of sanitary landfill
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1370-6
• Ascomycota was the predominant phylum in sanitary landfill fungal communities.
关键词: Sanitary landfill Fungal community Diversity Saprotroph Physical habitat Environmental factor
Machinability of ultrasonic vibration-assisted micro-grinding in biological bone using nanolubricant
《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第18卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0717-z
关键词: micro-grinding biological bone ultrasonic vibration (UV) nanoparticle jet mist cooling (NJMC) grinding force grinding temperature
Yingjun ZHANG, Wenjie LU, Hao ZHANG, Jiqiong ZHOU, Yue SHEN
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第5卷 第1期 页码 57-63 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017192
关键词: diversity fertilizing grassland management practice grazing mowing productivity reseeding
Effect of salinity on community structure and naphthalene dioxygenase gene diversity of a halophilic
Tingting Fang, Ruisong Pan, Jing Jiang, Fen He, Hui Wang
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第10卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0888-0
关键词: Phenanthrene Halophilic bacteria Gene diversity Naphthalene dioxygenase genes
《医学前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第4期 页码 758-767 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0981-7
陈冀胜
《中国工程科学》 2003年 第5卷 第2期 页码 16-19
生物毒素是一类具有重要意义的生物源化学物质,已知化学结构的毒素可达数千种。生物毒素表现出生源、化学结构、作用机制等多方面的多样性。生物毒素研究已发展成为与多种学科交叉的新学科——毒素学,其发展对于生命化学、生源合成化学、化学生物学、化学生态学、医学、药物学、环境科学均有重要意义,对药物创新研究更具积极作用。许多生物毒素可作为临床药物或导向化合物,并可为药物分子设计提供有价值的新药效模型和结构构架,更能为发现药物新作用靶位发挥特殊作用。
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1562-3
● 548 representative nor genes were collected to create complete phylogenetic trees.
关键词: N2O Greenhouse gas NO reductase NO dismutase Primer Crystal structure
Microorganism-derived biological macromolecules for tissue engineering
《医学前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第3期 页码 358-377 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0903-0
关键词: biological macromolecules regenerative medicine tissue engineering exopolysaccharide carbohydrate
Genetic diversity and population structure of indigenous chicken breeds in South China
Xunhe HUANG,Jinfeng ZHANG,Danlin HE,Xiquan ZHANG,Fusheng ZHONG,Weina LI,Qingmei ZHENG,Jiebo CHEN,Bingwang DU
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第3卷 第2期 页码 97-101 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016102
关键词: microsatellites genetic diversity population structure indigenous chicken South China conservation
Low intensity ultrasound stimulates biological activity of aerobic activated sludge
LIU Hong, YAN Yixin, WANG Wenyan, YU Yongyong
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2007年 第1卷 第1期 页码 67-72 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0013-5
关键词: sonication irradiation kHz treatment efficiency AS activity
Biological conversion pathways of sulfate reduction ammonium oxidation in anammox consortia
Zhen Bi, Deqing Wanyan, Xiang Li, Yong Huang
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1217-1
关键词: Anammox bacteria Autotrophic Biological conversion Sulfate reducing ammonium oxidation (SRAO)
Hongzhe Chen , Sumin Wang , Huige Guo , Yunlong Huo , Hui Lin , Yuanbiao Zhang
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第1期 页码 9-9 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1443-1
Diversity and distribution of proteorhodopsin-containing microorganisms in marine environments
Bo WEI
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2012年 第6卷 第1期 页码 98-106 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0278-y
关键词: proteorhodopsin (PR) microorganism community diversity marine environments
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
The size distribution of airborne bacteria and human pathogenic bacteria in a commercial composting plant
期刊论文
Machinability of ultrasonic vibration-assisted micro-grinding in biological bone using nanolubricant
期刊论文
Grassland management practices in Chinese steppes impact productivity, diversity and the relationship
Yingjun ZHANG, Wenjie LU, Hao ZHANG, Jiqiong ZHOU, Yue SHEN
期刊论文
Effect of salinity on community structure and naphthalene dioxygenase gene diversity of a halophilic
Tingting Fang, Ruisong Pan, Jing Jiang, Fen He, Hui Wang
期刊论文
Primary assessment of the diversity of Omicron sublineages and the epidemiologic features of autumn/winter
期刊论文
Phylogenetic diversity of NO reductases, new tools for monitoring, and insights into NO production in
期刊论文
Genetic diversity and population structure of indigenous chicken breeds in South China
Xunhe HUANG,Jinfeng ZHANG,Danlin HE,Xiquan ZHANG,Fusheng ZHONG,Weina LI,Qingmei ZHENG,Jiebo CHEN,Bingwang DU
期刊论文
Low intensity ultrasound stimulates biological activity of aerobic activated sludge
LIU Hong, YAN Yixin, WANG Wenyan, YU Yongyong
期刊论文
Biological conversion pathways of sulfate reduction ammonium oxidation in anammox consortia
Zhen Bi, Deqing Wanyan, Xiang Li, Yong Huang
期刊论文
The abundance, characteristics and diversity of microplastics in the South China Sea: Observation around
Hongzhe Chen , Sumin Wang , Huige Guo , Yunlong Huo , Hui Lin , Yuanbiao Zhang
期刊论文